Ek web page ko world wide web par dekhne ke liye web browser software ka prayog kiya jata hai! Web browser ek prakar ka client software hai! Web browser par page ka address ya URL ( Uniform Resource Locator) type karke pag ya website ko dekha jata hai! Web page se sampark karne ke liye HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) ka upyog kiya jata hai! HTTP ek prakar ka protocol hai, jisme internet par sewa pradan karne wala computer web server tatha uska upyog karne wala web client kahalata hai! Pratyek web page HTML (HyperText Markup Language) me likha jata hai!
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) :- Internet par kisi server ya sewa ke name ko wyakt karne wala pata URL kaha jata hai! URL ke char prakar hote hai jo nimn hai:-
(i) Protocol :- Kisi computer network ke kinhi do nodes ke madhya data sancharan karne ki prakriya ke sampann hone ke niyam aur widhiyon ke group ko protocol kahte hai!
(ii) Server Name:- Yah web browser dwara access kiya jane wala server name batata hai, is bhag me bataye gaye server me hi wanchhit page store hote hai!
(iii) File Name:- Yah URL ka tisra bhag hai! Isme dusre bhag me bataye gaye server name me store file ka name bataya jata hai, jise access kar client machine tak lana hota hai!
(iv) File Path:- Is bhag me file ke name se pahle un directory ka name diya hota hai, jiske andar file store hoti hai!
Web Browsing Software:- Web browsing software ko browser ya web client bhi kaha jata hai jo microsoft corporation aur kai anya companies dwara mukt me pradan kiya jata hai! In web browsing software ka prayog world wide web me navigate karne aur web pages ko dekhne hetu kiya jata hai! Adhikansh browsers freeware (Freeware) hote hai! Pratham graphical web browser Mosaic tha, jise Marc Andreessen ne banaya tha!
Web Browser Ki Nimnalikhit Wisheshtaye Hoti Hai:-
(i) Web browser ko jab URL address diya jata hai, to wah usse sambandhit suchnao ko access karne me sakhsam hota hai!
(ii) Web brwoser HTTP ka prayog karke web server ke sath sanchar kayam karne me saksham hota hai!
(iii) Documents ko retrieve karna aur unhe system ke anukul format karna, ek web browser ki karya pranali ke mukhya aadhar - stambh mane jate hai!
Popular Web Brwosers:-
(i) Mozilla Firefox:- Yah ek nishulk open source web browser hai, jise windows XP operating system tatha linux operating system ke sath - sath mobile devices par internet upyog karne ke liye banaya gya hai! Isme Addons, Extensions, Themses, Tabs, kisi shabd ko dhundhne ke liye Searching wa Spell Check jaisi achchhi suwidhye uplabdh hai!
(ii) Google Chrome:- Yah ek freeware web browser hai, jise Google company dwara banaya gya hai! Is web browser me bookmarks tatha settings synchronization, web standard support, security, malware blocking, tej gati se internet access, aakarshak user interface, desktop shortcuts wa apps, automatic web page translation wa color management ke sath - sath anya sabhi parampragat wisheshtaye bhi uplabdh hai!
(iii) Internet Explorer:- Internet explorer ek popular web browser hai, jiska nirman Microsoft company dwara kiya gya hai! Internet Explorer, windows aur macintosh operating system ke sabhi sanskarano (Versions) me upyogi hota hai!
(iv) Netscape Navigator:- Netscape Navigator web browser ka nirman Netscape Communnication dwara kiya gya hai! Netscape Navigator, windows, macintosh aur unix operating system ke sabhi versions ke liye uplabdh hai!
(v) Lynx:- Lynx ek text - aadharit web browser hai, iska nirman University of Consans dwara kiya gya tha! Yah mukhyata text aadharit internet connection, jaise dial - up text only Unix account aadi ke liye upyukt hai! Is web browser ke dwara aap documents ko color rup me ya graphical ko online nahi dekh sakte!
Web Browser Ko Access Karna:- Web browser ek software/program hai jiska prayog web pages ko dekhne ke liye kiya jata hai! Web browser par web page dekhne ya access karne ke liye nimnalikhit charano ka anusaran kiya jata hai:-
(i) Start→All Programs→Internet Explorer
ya anya web browser ko select kare!
(ii) Isme prastut pararambhik web page ko homepage kaha jata hai! Is page me user kisi bhi content ke bare me search kar sakta hai tatha web browser ke address bar me web page ke internet address ya URL ko type karke fir enter press karke us page ko access kar sakta hai!
Search Engines:- Search engine ek aisa software hai jiske dwara internet se ichchhanusar suchnao ko khoja jata hai! Sabse pahle search engine ka nirman karya McGill University ne warsh 1990 me aarambh hua tha, jise WAIS (Wide Area Information Server) tatha Gopher ne milkar aage badhaya! Inhone internet par uplabdh suchnao ko krambaddh karne ka karya kiya! Gopher aawishkar America ke Minisota namak wishwawidhalay me hua tha! Yah ek user friendly interface hai, jiske madhyam se user internet par programs tatha suchnao ka aadan-pradan kar sakta hai! Gopher user ki wanchhit suchnao tatha programs ko khojkar user ke samne prastut kar deta hai!
Popular Search Engines:-
(i) Google:- Yah ek popular search engine hai, jisme kai sare additiya futures uplabdh hote hai! Isme ek aisa future hota hai jo sabse sambhawit match ko dhundhne aur use load karne ke liye automatic suwidha pradan karta hai! Yahi karan hai ki google ek search me best matching websites dhundhne me kushal hai! Is suwidha ka prayog karne ke liye search box me company ka name type kar 'I am Feeling Lucky' button par click kare!
(ii) Yahoo:- Yah basic rup se ek search directory hai! Yah web ki directory ya subject catelogue ke sath Hierarchical Organised hoti hai, jo browser aur search ki ja sakti hai! Yahoo! Bahut - si atirikt sewaye ; jaise - E-mail accounts, reason spacific sites logo ko khojne ke liye searches, site reviews aur ek customizable news page pradan karta hai!
(iii) Altavista:- Iska nirman USA ki digital equipment corporation (DEC) ki research suwidha ke dwara diya gya tha! Is search engine me indexing, ek document ke full text par aadharit hoti hai, jiske antargat pahli kuchh lines ek abstract ke rup me prayog ki jati hai! Is search engine me search types ke do modes hote hai, jo nimnalikhit hai:-
(a) Simple Search
(b) Advanced Search
(iv) Lycos:- Is search engine ke database me lagbhag 66 million prisht hote hai, jisme navigation ka karya ek web robot dwara hota hai jo Heuristics widhi ka prayog kar navigation karta hai aur seach karne yogya index banata hai!
Web robot pratyek document ki indexing kar uske outgoing links ko ek katar me rakhta hai aur isme se ek URL ka chayan karta hai! Lycos, titles, headings aur HTML ki sub-heading FTP aur Gopher documents ko index karta hai! Is search engine me E-mail aur sounds ko search karne ki kshamta hoti hai! Yah news, site review jaisi bahut - si samagriyan pradan karta hai!
(v) Hot Bot :- Is search engine ka prayog web documents ko retrieve aur unhe index karne ke uddeshya se kiya jata hai, jiske liye yah search engine ek robot aur work station ke ek parallel networks ka prayog karta hai!
Yah search engine wishesh prakar ke shabdo ya wakyanshon ( Phrases) ko search ke liye adhik upyukt hai! Is search me prayogkartao ke liye ek text box hota hai, jisme we apni Query Strings prawisht karte hai aur sath hi ek list box bhi hota hai, jisme se kisi sahi shabd ya wakyansh ko chuna ja sakta hai! Apne search ko fine tune karne ke liye bhi HotBot ka prayog kar sakte hai!
(vi) Web Crawler:- Is search engine me ek web robot ki sahayata se pure web ke documents me se keywords ko lekar ek daily index ka nirman kiya jata hai! Web Crawler ko Web Spider ya Web Robot bhi kaha jata hai! Yah robot HTML documents ke shirshak aur text ko index karke naye documents ko prapt karne ka prayas karta hai!
Internet part 3 me aapko internet se judi aur bhi jankariyan dunga jaise- web page, website, social networking, electronic mail, e-mail ke labh, e-mail ke hani, e-mail addressing, ityadi jankariya aapko part 3 me de diya jayega aur aakhir me ek bat yah bolna chahta hun ki agar mere dwara diye gaye articles me koi bhul ya galti huyi hai to main uske liye mafi chahta hun aur aapse ek requist karta hun ki aapko agar koi bhul ya galti nazar aaye to please comment box me bataye! Main use improve karne ki prayas jarur karunga!
Internet Part 1 (internet kya hai)
Basics of Computer (computer ke mul aadhar)
Memory kya hota hai?
