Computer network ek se adhik computers ko kisi sanchar madhyam se apas me is prakar jodta hai ki we apna sandesh dusro ko bhej sake tatha unse prapt bhi kar sake! Kisi computer network ke computer apne network me rahte huye dusre network ke computer ke sath bhi sampark kar sakte hai!
Kisi network me data ke transfer ki mul taknik ko packet switching kaha jata hai! Kisi user dwara bheje jane wale data, jise pray sandesh (Message) kaha jata hai! Isko kuchh chhoti iskaiyon me toda jata hai, jinhe Packet kahte hai! Partyek packet ki alag-alag mankar kisi nishchit pate par network ke madhyam se bheja jata hai! In packets ko tab tak ek packet switching exchange (PSE) se dusre exchange tak bheja jata rahta hai, jab tak ki we apne nishchit gantawya (Destination) tak na pahunch jaye! Partyek exchange me packet ki janch ki jati hai aur fir unhe aage bhej diya jata hai!
Networking ke labh:-
Computer ki networking se hame nimnalikhit labh hote hai:-
(i) Sadhano ka sajha karna (Resource Sharing):-Ham network ke kisi bhi computer se jude huye sadhan ka istemal network ke anya computers par kam karte huye kar sakte hai! Udaharan ke liye, yadi kisi computer ke sath lasser print juda hua hai, to network ke anya computers se us print par koi bhi samagri print ki ja sakti hai!
(ii) Data ka tiwra sampreshan ( Speedy Transmission of Data ) :- Computers ke network se do computers ke suchna ka aadan-pardan tiwra aur surakshit rup se hota hai! Isse kam ki gati tez hoti hai aur samay ki bhi bachat hoti hai!
(iii) Wishwasaniyata (Reliability):- Network me kisi file ki do ya adhik partiyan (copies) alag-alag computers par store ki ja sakti hai! Yadi kisi karanwash ek computer kharab ya asafal ho jata hai, to wah data dusre computers se prapt ho sakta hai! Is prakar network ke computer ek-dusre ke liye backup ka kam karte hai jisse uski wishwasaniyata badhti hai!
Computer Network Ke Awayaw(Components of Computer Network):-koi computer network kai vibhinn tatwo ya awayawo ka samuchchay hota hai! Inme se kuchh pramukh awayawo ka parichay nimnalikhit hai:-
Server:-Yah network ka sabse pramukh athawa kendriya computer hota hai! Network ke anya sabhi computer sever se jude hote hai! Server kshamta aur gati ki drishti se anya sabhi computers se shreshtha hota hai aur pray network ka adhikansh athawa samast data server par hi rakha jata hai!
Node:-Server ke atirikt/client network ke anya sabhi computers ko node kaha jata hai! Ye we computer hote hai, jin par user kam karte hai! Partyek node ka ek nishchit name aur pahachan hoti hai! Kai node adhik shaktishali hote hai! Aise nodes ko pray workstation (Workstation) kaha jata hai! Nodes ko pray client bhi kaha jata hai!
Network Cable:-Jin cables ke dwara network ke computer apas me jude hote hai, unhe network cable kaha jata hai! Suchnaye ek computer se network ke dusre computer tak cables se hokar hi jati hai! Inko pray bus bhi kaha jata hai!
Network Card:- Yah ek aisa circuit hota hai jo network cable ko computers se jodta hai! In cards ki sahayata se data ka aawagaman tiwra hota hai! Ye card network se jude partyek computer ke motherboard me lagaye jate hai! Inko ethernet card bhi kaha jata hai!
Computer Network Ke Prakar(Types of Computer Network :- Networko ko unke computers ki bhogolik sthiti ke anusar mukhya tin shreniyon me vibhajit kiya jata hai
1. Local Area Network (LAN) :- Aise networko ke sabhi computer ek simit kshetra me sthit hote hai! Yah kshetra lagbhag ek kilometer ki sima me hona chahiye; jaise _ koi adi building ya buildings ka samuh! Local Area Network me jode gaye upkarano ki sankhya alag-alag ho sakti hai!
In upkarano ko kisis sanchar cable dwara joda jata hai! Local Area Network ke dwara koi sangathan apne computers, terminals, karyasthal tatha anya bahari upkarano ko daksh (Efficient) tatha mitwyayi (Cost Effective) widhi se jod sakta hai, taki we aapas me suchnao ka adan-pradan kar sake tatha sabko sabhi sadhano ka labh mil sake!
2. Wide Area Network (WAN):- Wide Area Network se jude huye computer tatha upkaran ek - dusre se hazaro kilometer ki bhogolik duri par bhi sthit ho sakte hai! Inka karyakshetra kai mahadipo tak faila ho sakta hai! Yah ek bade aakar ka data network hota hai! Isme data ke sancharan ki dar Local Area Network ki tulna me kam hoti hai!
Aadhik duri ke karan pray inme microwave stations ya sanchar upgraho (Communication Satellites) ka istemal sandesh aage bhejne wale stations ki tarah kiya jata hai! Microwave Network do relay towers ke bich aawaz ya data ko radio tarango ke rup me bhejte hai! Partyek tower us sandesh ko prapt karke uttejit (Amplify) karta haiaur fir aage bhej deta hai!
3. Metropolytan Area Network :- Jab bahut sare Local Area Network arthat LAN kisi shahar ke andar ek - dusre se jude rahte hai, to is prakar ke network ko Metropolytan Area Network kahte hai!
Ise sankshep me main bhi kahte hai, jiski gati 10-100 Mbits/sec hoti hai! Ye kafi mahange network hote hai jo fiber optic cable se jude hote hai! Ye telephon ya cable operater aur microwave link dwara pradan kiye jate hai!
Network Topology:- Computer network me computers ko aapas me jodne ke tarike ko Topology kahte hai! Kisi topology ke partyek computer, node ya link station kahte hai! Dusre shabdo me, topology network me computers ko jodne ki bhogolik wyawastha hoti hai! Iske dwara vibhinn computer ek-dusre se paraspar sampark sthapit kar sakte hai!
Network Topology Nimn Prakar Ki Hoti Hai:-
Bus Topology:-Is topology me ek lambe se yuktiyan judi hoti hai! Yah network installation chhote athwa alpakalin broadcast ke liye hota hai! Is prakar ke network topology ka istemal aise sthano par kiya jata hai, jahan atyant uchcha gati ke communication channel ka istemal simit kshetra me kiya jata hai! Yadi communication channel kharab ho jaye to pura network kharab ho jata hai!
Star Topology:-Is topology ke antargat ek host computer hota hai, jisse vibhinn local computers (node) ko sidhe joda jata hai! Yah host computer hub kahalata hai! Is hub ke fail hone se pura network fail ho sakta hai!
Ring Topology:- Is topology me kai hub ya lambi cable nahi hoti hai! Sabhi computer ek golakar aakruti ke rup me cable dwara jude hote hai! Partyek computer apne adhinasthal computer se juda hota hai! Isme kisi bhi ek computer ke kharab hone par sampurn ring badhit ho jati hai! Yah golakar aakruti circular network bhi kaha jata hai!
Mesh Topology:- Is topology ka partyek computer, network me jude anya sabhi computers se sidhe juda hota hai! Isi karan is Point-to-Point network ya Completely Connected network bhi kaha jata hai! Isme data ke aadan-pradan nirnay computer khud hi leta hai!
Tree Topology:- Is topology me ek node se dusre node tatha dusri node se tisri node, kisi ped ki shakhao (Branches) ki tarah judi hoti hai! Yahi tree topology kahalata hai! Tree Topology, Star Topology ka hi wistrut rup hai! Is topology me root node server ki tarah kam karta hai!
