Computer ka arth (meaning of computer)
Computer ka matlab hota hai ganna karne wala! joki latin bhasha ke compute shabd se liya gya hai! aur compute ka matlab ganna karna! sadharan bhasha me bola jaye to computer ek aisi machine hai, jo ganna karti hai ya gannao ko karne me hamari madad karti hai! halaki aajkal jo computer banaya gya hai usme ganna karna arthat jodna, ghatana, guna karna, bhag dena aadi ganitiya kriyayen karna shamil hai! ya computer dwara kiye jane wale bahut se kamo ka ek chhota bhag hai! lekin ek samay me computer ki kalpna aur wikas ek aise yantra ke rup me ki gayi thi, jo bahut hi teji se gannaye kar sake! bad me iski wilakshan khsamtao aur wisheshtaon ko dekhne ke bad iska istemal wibhinna kamo ke liye kiya jane laga!
Computer ke bhag (Parts Of Computer)
Partyek Computer ke nimn mukhya bhag hote hai!
- Input Ikai(input unit)
- OutPut Ikai(output unit)
- Central Processing Ikai(central processing unit)
- Memory Ikai(memory unit)
1. Input ikai
input upkarano ka kam yah hai ki ham apani bhasha me jo bhi data ya aadesh dete hai, use binary code me badalkar Computer arthat CPU(central processing unit) me bhej dete hai! kisi input sadhan dwara bahut se kam kiye jate joki nimnalikhit hai:-
- user dwara diye gaye data ko computer system ko uplabdh karana!
- uses dwara diye gaye nirdesho ko prapt karna aur user dwara diye gaye nirdesho ko Computer dwara swikar kiye jane wale rup me badalna!
Aadhunik computers me keyboard, mouse, track ball, joystick, lightpen, scanner, optical reader aadi input ke prachalit sadhan hai!
2. Output ikai
Output upkaran computer se prapt hone wale parinamo ko, jo binary code me hote hai, hamare liye uchit sanketo ya bhasha aur chitron me badalkar hame uplabdh karate hai! ouput sadhan dwara nimnalikhit kam kiya jata hai:-
computer dwara diye gaye parinamo ko user ki dikhana! computer operator ko sanketo ki jankari dena!
computer system dwara diye gaye parinamo ko secondary storage ikai me store karna! kisi bhi prakar ki suchna aur sandesho ko turant hi pardarshit karna!
3. Central Processing ikai
Central Processing Ikai hi wastawik Computer hai! Yahi Computer ka mastishk aur hirday hai! computer me kiye jane wale sabhi kam iske dwara hi kiye jate hai! Personal Computer ke CPU (central processing unit) me ek chhota-sa microprocessor hota hai! is par tin bhago ka circuit hota hai! jaise ki - control ikai, ankganitiya aur tarkik ikai tatha register!
central processing ikai do mahatwapurn bhago se milkar banti hai:-
(i) Ankganitiya tatha tarkik ikai (Arithmetic And Logical Unit):- yah ikai CPU ke liye sabhi prakar ki ankganitiya kriyayen (jodna, ghatana, guna karna tatha bhag dena) aur tulnayen (do sankhyaon me yah batana ki kaun-si chhoti ya badi hai ya dino barabar hai) karti hai! Yah kai aise electronic circuit se bani hoti hai, jisme ek or se koi do sankhyayen bhejne par dusri or unka yog, antar, gunanphal ya bhagphal prapt ho jata hai! isme sari kriyayen binary system me ki jati hai! Prapt hone wali sankhyaon tatha kriyaon ke parinamo ko asthayi rup se store karne ya rakhne ke liye isme kai vishesh bytes hoti hai, jinhe register kahte hai!
(ii) Control Unit (CU):- Is bhag ka kam bahut mahatwapurn hota hai! Yah computer ke sabhi bhago ke kamo par najar rakhta hai aur unme paraspar samanway bethane ke liye uchit aadesh bhejta hai! Iska sabse pramukh aur pahla kam yah hai ki ham jis program ka palan karana chahte hai, yah use memory me se padhkar uska wishleshan (Analysis) karta hai aur uska palan karta hai! Kisi aadesh ka palan sunishchit karne ke liye yah computer ke dusre sabhi bhago ko uchit nirdesh jari karta hai!
CPU ke pramukh karya nimnalikhit hai:-
Nirdesho tatha data ko mukhya memory se registers me transfer karna hota hai!
Nirdesho ka kramik rup se execution karna hota hai!
Jarurat padne par output data ko registers se mukhya memory me transfer karna hota hai!
4. Memory ikai (memory unit):-Memory computer ka wah bhag hai jo data tatha nirdesho ko sangrahit karti hai! Computer ki memory aadhunik computers ke mul kamo me se ek arthat suchna storage (Information Storage) ki suwidha pradan karti hai!
Yah computer ke CPU ka ek bhag hoti hai aur usse milkar sampurn computer banati hai! Iske pas do types ki memory hoti hai ek primary memory aur dusra secondary memory! primary memory CPU se sidhe judi hoti hai aur usme store data ko lagatar padhti rahti hai aur unka palan karati hai! Secondary memory CPU se bahar hoti hai aur isme data store karne ki kshamta (power) primary memory se jyada hoti hai!
COMPUTER KE GUN(Characteristics of Computer):-Computer ka guno ka warnan nimn me diya gya hai
(i) Gati(Speed) : computer palbhar me lakho gannayen kar sakta hai! Yah itna tez hota hai ki ek second me hajaro - lakho ganitiya kriyayen ek-sath kar sakta hai arthat computer me aankdon ko tej gati se sansadhit kiya ja sakta hai!
(ii) Shudhdata (Accuracy) : computer mushkil-se-mushkil prashan ka bhi bina kisi truti ke parinam nikal deta hai! Isme shidhd nirdeshon (Instructions) tatha aankdon (Data) ke dwara trutirahit suchnayen prapt hoti hai! Programmer dwara galat program banane ke karan kabhi-kabhi computer galat suchnayen de sakta hai apitu iske dwara diye gaye parinam hamesha shudhd aur sahi hoti hai!
(iii) Uchcha sangrah kshamta (High Storage Capacity ) : Computer apni memory me suchnaon ka vishal bhandar sanchit kar sakta hai! isme athah aankdo aur programo ke bhandaran ki kshamta hoti hai!
(iv) Bahuuddeshiya (Versatile) : Computer ek versatile machine hai! Iska istemal bhinn-bhinn kshetron me wibhinna kamo ko sampadit karne me kiya jata hai!
(v) Wishwasaniyata (Reliability) : Computer ki yad rakhne ki shakti(power) aur Shudhdata (Accuracy) bahut uchcha koti ki hoti hai! Isliye isme ya isse judi sari kriyayen wishwasaniy hoti hai! Yah salo tak kam karne ke bad bhi thakta nahi hai aur kai salo ke bad bhi apni memory me se data ko bina kisi problem ke turant de sakta hai!
